A Lyft crash can upend your routine in an instant, leaving you with medical bills, lost time at work, and more questions than answers. If your collision happened in or around Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, you deserve clear guidance focused on our community’s roads and insurers. Metro Law Offices helps riders, drivers, and third parties navigate claims involving Lyft and its insurance partners. From understanding Minnesota no-fault benefits to coordinating medical care and documenting losses, we aim to make the process less stressful. Get straightforward next steps, honest timelines, and help communicating with adjusters so you can focus on healing while your claim stays on track.
Minnesota’s no-fault system, combined with Lyft’s tiered insurance coverage, creates unique choices after a rideshare collision. Whether the app was off, on without a ride, or an active trip was in progress, coverage rules change. Our team at Metro Law Offices works with Brooklyn Park residents to identify the correct policy, preserve evidence, and protect your claim value. We offer convenient consultations by phone at 651-615-3322 and can review your police report, medical records, and photos at no cost. With practical advice shaped by local conditions, we help you move from uncertainty to a plan, one step at a time.
Lyft collisions raise unique issues that differ from typical Minnesota car crashes. Coverage depends on the driver’s app status, and deadlines can arrive quickly. Having guidance ensures the right insurer is notified, medical bills flow through appropriate no-fault channels, and your documentation supports pain, wage loss, and future care claims. In Brooklyn Park, timely action can mean preserving video, dashcam data, and witness details before they disappear. A thoughtful strategy helps reduce adjuster delays, avoids gaps in treatment records, and prevents inadvertent statements that limit recovery. The benefit is peace of mind and a path that prioritizes your health while safeguarding the value of your claim.
Metro Law Offices is a Minnesota personal injury law firm focused on practical, client-centered advocacy. For Lyft accident matters, we bring a steady, process-driven approach built on thorough investigation, clear communication, and consistent follow-up with insurers and medical providers. We understand how Brooklyn Park crashes unfold on major corridors and local streets, and we tailor plans to your injuries, work demands, and treatment schedule. You can expect regular updates, help coordinating care, and guidance that respects your time. We offer free consultations, flexible scheduling, and contingency-fee representation, so you can pursue a claim without upfront costs. Call 651-615-3322 to learn how we can help.
A Lyft accident claim often involves two overlapping systems: Minnesota’s no-fault benefits and Lyft’s commercial coverage. No-fault, also known as Personal Injury Protection, typically pays initial medical bills and certain wage losses regardless of fault. Beyond those benefits, we evaluate liability coverage based on the driver’s app status: app off, app on without a ride, or ride accepted and in progress. Each phase triggers different insurance limits and potentially additional coverage such as uninsured or underinsured motorist benefits. Our goal is to sequence these benefits correctly, avoid billing hassles, and build a record that reflects the full scope of your injuries and losses.
From day one, documentation is key. We recommend prompt medical evaluation, careful symptom tracking, and preserving photos, vehicle data, and witness details. Reporting to Lyft through the app is important, but so is notifying the right auto insurer in the correct order. We help you coordinate claims, manage statements, and prevent harmful gaps in treatment. If you are a rideshare passenger, liability typically starts with the Lyft driver’s coverage while still considering other at-fault vehicles. If you are a Lyft driver or struck by a Lyft vehicle, coverage analysis shifts. We clarify each step and align the claim strategy with your specific situation.
A Lyft accident claim is a request for benefits and compensation after a collision involving a Lyft vehicle, rider, or driver. In Minnesota, injury claims begin with no-fault benefits that cover reasonable medical care and a portion of lost wages. Depending on fault and injury severity, claims may extend to liability coverage, uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, and other damages such as pain and interference with your daily life. Because Lyft operates as a Transportation Network Company, its coverage shifts with the app status at the time of the crash. Successfully navigating the claim requires timely notice, consistent treatment, and thorough evidence preservation.
Strong Lyft accident claims are built on accurate facts, verified coverage, and timely documentation. First, confirm the driver’s app status to identify insurance limits. Next, open your Minnesota no-fault claim to keep medical bills moving. Preserve evidence with photos, medical records, repair estimates, and witness statements. Report the incident through the Lyft app and obtain the driver and trip information. Track all symptoms, missed work, and out-of-pocket costs. Avoid casual statements to insurers that may be used to minimize your injury. As treatment progresses, we compile a demand package that reflects current and future needs, then negotiate while preparing for litigation if necessary.
Understanding the language of Minnesota no-fault and rideshare insurance helps you make informed decisions. These terms appear frequently in Lyft accident claims and shape how bills are paid, who accepts responsibility, and which damages may be available. While every case is unique, knowing the basics of coverage tiers, deadlines, and legal standards can reduce frustration and keep your claim organized. If a term is unfamiliar, ask questions early so we can clarify how it applies to your situation in Brooklyn Park. Clear definitions lead to fewer surprises and a smoother experience from first medical visit to resolution.
Personal Injury Protection is Minnesota’s foundation for medical treatment and certain wage losses after a crash, regardless of who caused it. PIP helps pay initial medical bills, mileage to appointments, and a portion of income loss, easing the financial strain while liability is investigated. In Lyft accidents, PIP typically starts with your own auto policy or the policy covering the vehicle you occupied, depending on your status as a passenger, driver, or pedestrian. Properly opening a PIP claim keeps providers paid and prevents collections. We coordinate PIP with health insurance and any available liability coverage to ensure bills are routed correctly.
Comparative fault is the Minnesota rule that assigns responsibility for a crash among the parties involved. Your recovery may be reduced by your percentage of fault, and you cannot recover from another party if you are more at fault than they are. In Lyft cases, multiple actors can share responsibility, including the Lyft driver, another motorist, or even a third party that contributed to the hazard. Insurers often use comparative fault to limit payouts, so careful evidence collection and witness statements matter. Understanding this concept helps set realistic expectations during negotiations and shapes how we frame the story of your loss.
TNC coverage periods describe insurance limits based on app status. When the app is off, the driver’s personal auto policy generally applies. When the app is on and the driver is waiting for a request, limited liability coverage may apply through the TNC. Once a ride is accepted or a passenger is in the vehicle, Lyft typically provides higher limits, often up to $1,000,000 in liability coverage. Understanding the period at the time of the crash is essential to identify the correct insurer and available benefits. We verify app activity, trip data, and driver records to align your claim with the right coverage.
The statute of limitations is the legal deadline for filing a lawsuit after a Lyft-related crash. While many cases resolve through settlement, preserving your right to file keeps leverage in negotiations. Deadlines can vary based on the type of claim and the parties involved, and other timelines apply to no-fault benefits and underinsured motorist claims. Missing a deadline can end your ability to recover. We track all critical dates, send timely notices, and prepare filings when needed. Early engagement allows us to gather records, consult with providers, and avoid last-minute hurdles that can complicate your Brooklyn Park claim.
After a Lyft collision, you may choose a limited approach that focuses on PIP benefits and property damage, or a more comprehensive strategy that seeks full compensation for pain, wage loss, and future care. The right path depends on your injuries, available coverage, and personal priorities. Limited approaches may resolve faster but can leave uncompensated losses on the table. Comprehensive claims require more documentation and patience but may capture a wider scope of damages. We start by reviewing medical records, app status, and witness information, then outline timelines and likely insurer responses so you can weigh speed, effort, and potential value.
If injuries are minor, improve quickly, and you have complete medical documentation, a streamlined claim can make sense. In Minnesota, no-fault often covers initial treatment and a portion of wage loss, easing the need for extensive negotiations. When liability is undisputed and property damage is modest, the additional benefit of a broader claim may be limited. We still recommend careful symptom tracking and follow-up visits to avoid gaps. If symptoms linger or imaging reveals more, we can pivot to a broader strategy. Starting simple doesn’t prevent you from expanding your claim if the medical picture changes over time.
Sometimes your priority is getting bills paid and moving forward quickly. A limited approach can deliver a faster, more predictable outcome by focusing on no-fault coordination, essential property repairs, and a concise liability review. This route reduces back-and-forth with adjusters and avoids long waits for complex evaluations. It is still important to keep treatment consistent and save receipts to prevent underpayment. If circumstances change, we can reassess. Our goal is to match your Brooklyn Park claim to your timeline, keeping stress low while making sure the basics are handled correctly from the start.
When injuries persist, surgeries are considered, or fault is contested, a comprehensive approach helps protect your long-term interests. We gather detailed records, obtain provider opinions, and secure evidence such as trip data, dashcam footage, and scene measurements. In Lyft claims, multiple insurers may point fingers, and comparative fault arguments can reduce offers. A full strategy addresses these challenges with careful documentation, thorough damages analysis, and a clear presentation of how the crash changed your work, daily tasks, and well-being. This approach takes more time but aims to reflect the real impact on your life.
Significant medical expenses or suspected underinsurance often require exploring every available layer of coverage. We examine Lyft’s liability policy for the trip phase, any applicable underinsured or uninsured motorist coverage, and health insurance coordination. Careful sequencing can reduce out-of-pocket costs and protect lien rights. We also evaluate vocational losses, future care, and non-economic harm supported by medical documentation. Brooklyn Park residents benefit from a roadmap that explains what to expect at each stage, how long it may take, and which documents will matter most. The result is a claim that aims to account for both present and future needs.
A thorough strategy helps ensure no available coverage is overlooked and that the full scope of your losses is presented. By coordinating no-fault, liability, and potential UM/UIM claims, we align medical billing, track wage losses, and document pain and daily limitations with provider support. Comprehensive preparation reduces surprises during negotiation and improves the quality of any settlement dialogue. It also preserves your ability to file if needed by tracking deadlines and building evidence early. For Brooklyn Park residents, the benefit is clarity, organized records, and a plan that reflects both immediate recovery and long-term health outcomes.
This approach also reduces administrative headaches. We help request records, manage insurer communications, and address denials or delays that may arise. Consistent updates keep you informed while you focus on treatment and work. If questions come up about app status, policy limits, or lien resolution, we provide guidance and adjust the plan accordingly. The result is a forward-looking claim that minimizes gaps, protects your rights, and keeps momentum toward resolution. While no outcome is guaranteed, the process is designed to reflect the strongest version of your story using objective evidence and timely follow-through.
Thorough claims rely on detailed, consistent evidence. We gather medical narratives, imaging, provider opinions, and wage documentation to support every category of damages. Photos, scene diagrams, and witness statements help clarify fault and counter incomplete insurer narratives. In Lyft cases, we also verify trip data and coverage period to confirm the right insurer and policy limits. When the record is complete, negotiations focus on the true impact of your injuries rather than speculation. This elevates the clarity of your demand and helps avoid delays caused by missing records, inconsistent treatment, or unanswered questions from adjusters.
Complex claims often involve multiple payers. We coordinate Minnesota no-fault benefits with health insurance, liability coverage, and any UM/UIM claims to keep bills moving and protect your credit. Proper sequencing reduces denials and helps avoid unnecessary out-of-pocket expenses. We monitor provider balances, lien notices, and subrogation requests so the final resolution reflects accurate accounting. You stay informed about who is paying what and why, and you receive guidance on forms, statements, and documentation. With smoother billing and fewer surprises, your claim can progress more efficiently while you focus on recovery and returning to everyday life.
Right after a Lyft crash, small details matter. Photograph the scene, vehicles, skid marks, and road conditions. Capture the Lyft driver’s name, license plate, and insurance information, and screenshot your ride details in the app. Ask for contact information from witnesses and note any nearby businesses that may have cameras. Seek prompt medical care, even if symptoms seem mild; early records carry significant weight. Keep a symptom journal and save receipts for medications, braces, and mileage to appointments. The more complete your file, the easier it becomes to verify coverage, establish fault, and support your damages when negotiations begin.
Insurance adjusters may contact you soon after the collision. Be polite, but stick to factual information and avoid speculating about pain levels, fault, or long-term impact. Do not minimize symptoms or guess about medical diagnoses. If you are unsure, say you prefer to speak after reviewing records or after a follow-up visit. We can handle communications to prevent misunderstandings and protect your claim value. Written updates and well-documented timelines help ensure accuracy. In Lyft cases, multiple insurers may request statements, so coordinating who gets what information and when can reduce confusion and protect your rights from the outset.
Lyft accidents often involve multiple insurers, layered coverage, and strict timelines. Legal help brings structure to a complex process, from verifying the correct policy to coordinating no-fault benefits and negotiating liability claims. We help you avoid pitfalls like missed deadlines, inconsistent medical records, or statements that reduce your recovery. For many, the greatest benefit is time: fewer calls with adjusters, fewer billing hassles, and a clear plan for gathering evidence. Whether you were a passenger, a Lyft driver, or struck by a rideshare vehicle in Brooklyn Park, we tailor the strategy to your injuries, work needs, and long-term goals.
We also help value your claim realistically using medical documentation, wage records, and provider input. If future care, therapy, or work restrictions are likely, we incorporate those projections. When liability is contested, we develop a fact-driven narrative supported by photos, trip data, and witness statements. If an early settlement makes sense, we aim to move efficiently. If not, we preserve your right to file and continue building leverage. At Metro Law Offices, you receive attentive guidance and regular updates so you know what to expect at each stage. Call 651-615-3322 to discuss your next steps.
Rideshare collisions in Brooklyn Park can occur in many ways. Passengers may be injured during sudden stops or rear-end impacts. Lyft drivers can be struck while waiting for ride requests or transporting passengers. Third-party motorists, cyclists, or pedestrians may be hit by a Lyft vehicle in busy intersections or parking areas. Claims also arise from dooring incidents, unsafe lane changes, and failure to yield at crosswalks. Each situation triggers different coverage and evidence needs. We help identify the applicable policy, gather trip and app data, and coordinate medical billing so your claim starts strong and stays organized.
If you were a passenger when the crash occurred, Lyft’s higher liability coverage often applies because the driver had accepted a ride. We verify app records, trip timing, and police reports to confirm coverage. Your Minnesota no-fault benefits may still handle initial medical bills, with liability addressing broader damages. Keep seatbelt marks, bruising, and other injuries documented with photos and timely medical visits. Save the ride receipt and note any post-crash app messages. We coordinate with adjusters to reduce delays, align billing, and present a clear picture of how the impact disrupted your daily life and work.
When the app is on and the driver is awaiting a request, different TNC coverage limits may apply. We confirm the period with Lyft and compare limits to the responsible driver’s policy. Your own no-fault coverage or an applicable policy can help with early medical bills, while liability addresses pain, wage loss, and other damages. We recommend prompt reporting, photos of the vehicle and scene, and a careful record of symptoms. If another motorist contests fault, we build the case with witness statements, nearby camera footage, and vehicle damage analysis to support your claim and timeline.
Pedestrians and cyclists face unique vulnerabilities in rideshare crashes. We prioritize immediate medical care, then confirm coverage from the Lyft driver and any other involved motorists. Even if you do not own a car, there may be applicable no-fault benefits. We gather crosswalk signals, lighting conditions, and visibility factors to clarify fault. Photos of the scene, clothing, and bicycle or scooter damage can help. Because injuries may be significant, we evaluate future care, therapy, and work restrictions early. Our aim is to present a thorough claim that reflects both the physical recovery and the broader impact on your routines.
Our approach centers on clear guidance, steady communication, and careful documentation. From verifying Lyft’s coverage period to coordinating Minnesota no-fault benefits, we work to simplify a complicated process. You will know what to expect at each stage, what records to gather, and how to avoid common pitfalls that can slow your claim. We adjust strategies around your injuries, work schedule, and family needs. When questions arise, you receive timely answers and practical recommendations tailored to your Brooklyn Park case.
We emphasize evidence. That means consistent medical records, strong witness statements, and accurate damage assessments. In rideshare cases, we request trip data, confirm app status, and align insurers in the right order. Our demand packages are designed to present your story with clarity and support, reducing confusion and minimizing delays. If settlement discussions stall, we are already tracking deadlines and preparing the groundwork necessary to protect your options without last-minute scrambling.
Convenience matters. We offer flexible consultations, digital document sharing, and regular updates by phone or email. You can reach us at 651-615-3322 to schedule a free case review. With Metro Law Offices, you receive attentive guidance and a plan that prioritizes your health while moving your Lyft accident claim forward. Our goal is to reduce stress, keep bills organized, and pursue fair compensation through a methodical, Minnesota-focused process.
We follow a structured process to keep your Brooklyn Park Lyft claim organized and moving. First, we listen to your story and review available records. Next, we verify coverage, open no-fault benefits, and plan an evidence checklist. As treatment progresses, we communicate with adjusters, gather bills and wage records, and prepare a demand that reflects both present and future needs. If litigation becomes necessary, your case already has a strong foundation. Throughout, we share updates and timelines so you always know the next step and how your claim is progressing.
We start with a free consultation to understand the crash, your injuries, and your goals. Then we verify app status and insurance layers, confirm the correct no-fault carrier, and set up billing to keep care uninterrupted. We identify immediate evidence needs, such as photos, witness details, and medical records. You receive a tailored action plan that explains who we will contact, which forms are required, and how timelines typically unfold in Brooklyn Park Lyft claims.
During intake, we collect ride details, insurance information, and medical providers. We open the no-fault claim, provide your claim number to clinics, and assist with wage verification if time off work is needed. This early organization prevents billing issues and supports consistent treatment. We also request the police report, confirm crash location specifics, and gather any videos or photos you have. Our goal is to stabilize the situation quickly so your focus stays on recovery, not paperwork.
We send preservation letters when appropriate, collect witness statements, and document vehicle damage. We notify insurers and Lyft through designated channels and manage early communications to avoid misunderstandings. You receive guidance on how to handle incoming calls and what information to share. With an evidence plan in place, we set milestones for record requests, imaging, and provider opinions. This foundation supports later negotiations and keeps your claim aligned with Minnesota requirements and deadlines.
As treatment continues, we build your claim with updated medical records, bills, and wage documentation. We evaluate liability, examine comparative fault issues, and assess the need for specialists or imaging. We confirm TNC coverage limits and explore uninsured or underinsured motorist options if applicable. The objective is a well-documented record that reflects the full picture of your injuries, treatment, and future needs so negotiations can proceed with clarity.
We coordinate medical records, therapy notes, and provider statements to establish the nature and extent of your injuries. Wage records and employer letters help quantify lost income. We also track out-of-pocket expenses, mileage, and home-care needs where relevant. This documentation supports categories such as pain and the effect on your daily activities. Our analysis translates the records into a clear, evidence-based presentation for the insurer.
We map all applicable coverage, including Lyft’s liability policy for the relevant period and any UM/UIM benefits. We prepare a demand package that presents facts, medical support, and damages in a straightforward narrative. We anticipate common defenses, address comparative fault arguments, and propose a path to resolution. By the time negotiation begins, your claim is organized, documented, and ready for meaningful discussion.
We engage with insurers to seek fair resolution based on the strength of your records. If offers do not reflect the evidence, we discuss next steps, including filing to preserve your rights. Throughout, we keep you informed and involved in strategic decisions. When a settlement is reached, we help manage lien resolution and ensure billing is properly addressed. If litigation proceeds, your case transitions with a foundation already in place.
Our negotiation approach is grounded in documentation, not speculation. We highlight medical findings, functional limitations, and how the crash affected work and daily life. We address insurer arguments with facts and propose realistic timelines for resolution. If mediation or alternative dispute resolution is beneficial, we discuss those options. Throughout, you receive clear explanations of offers, counteroffers, and potential outcomes so you can make informed choices.
If filing becomes necessary, we move forward while continuing negotiations. Discovery may include written questions, document exchange, and depositions. We keep the process manageable with organized records and regular updates. Many cases still resolve before trial, and we remain open to settlement discussions when appropriate. From start to finish, our focus remains on protecting your rights and presenting a clear, well-supported claim.
Ensure safety first and call 911 if needed. Seek prompt medical care, even for mild symptoms, because early records carry weight and delayed treatment can raise questions. Photograph vehicle positions, damage, skid marks, traffic signals, and injuries. Capture the Lyft driver’s name, license, plate, and insurance information, and screenshot your ride details in the app. Gather witness contacts and note any nearby cameras. Report the crash through the Lyft app and to your insurer. Open your Minnesota no-fault claim quickly so medical bills move without interruption. Avoid speculating about fault or injuries when speaking with insurers. Keep a symptom journal and save receipts for medications and mileage. Contact Metro Law Offices at 651-615-3322 for a free consultation. We can help verify coverage, coordinate billing, and outline next steps tailored to your Brooklyn Park situation.
In Minnesota, Personal Injury Protection (no-fault) typically pays initial medical bills and a portion of wage loss, regardless of fault. Your own auto policy is often primary, but other policies can apply depending on your status as a passenger, pedestrian, or non-owner. No-fault helps you receive treatment without waiting for a liability decision and reduces out-of-pocket expenses early on. Beyond no-fault, the at-fault party’s liability coverage, Lyft’s TNC policy during an active trip, and potentially uninsured/underinsured motorist benefits may apply. We help coordinate these layers, determine the correct order of billing, and ensure providers have the right claim numbers. Proper sequencing prevents delays and protects your credit while your claim is evaluated.
Coverage changes with the Lyft driver’s app status. If the app is off, the driver’s personal auto policy generally applies. If the app is on and the driver awaits a request, TNC coverage may provide limited liability benefits. Once a ride is accepted or a passenger is in the vehicle, Lyft typically provides higher liability limits, often up to $1,000,000, subject to policy terms. Confirming the exact period matters because it determines which insurer leads and what limits are available. We verify trip data, driver statements, and any electronic records to identify the correct coverage. Properly aligning the claim avoids confusion, speeds communication, and supports a smoother path to resolution.
Be cautious when speaking with adjusters. Provide essential facts, but avoid guessing about symptoms, fault, or long-term impact. Recorded statements can be used to limit recovery if details are incomplete or inconsistent. If you feel pressured to answer quickly, it’s acceptable to delay until you have medical updates or guidance. We can handle communications and help craft accurate, concise statements supported by documentation. Coordinating messaging is especially important in Lyft cases because multiple insurers may contact you. A short consultation often clarifies what to share and how to avoid common pitfalls that slow claims or reduce value.
Deadlines vary by claim type, but waiting too long can jeopardize your rights. The statute of limitations sets a final deadline to file a lawsuit, and additional timelines may apply to no-fault benefits, underinsured motorist claims, and notice requirements. Preserving your rights early helps maintain negotiating leverage and prevents evidence loss. We track all relevant deadlines for your Brooklyn Park claim, confirm applicable policies, and prepare filings when needed. Early engagement also gives us time to gather records, consult with providers, and address billing issues before they escalate. A timely, organized approach supports both medical recovery and the strength of your case.
If another driver caused the crash, your no-fault benefits still typically cover initial medical bills. Liability then shifts toward the at-fault driver’s insurer, while Lyft’s coverage may apply depending on app status and trip phase. Your passenger status helps clarify which policies respond and in what order. We gather police reports, witness statements, and trip records to establish fault and confirm coverage. Even when your Lyft driver did nothing wrong, careful documentation ensures your damages are addressed by the right insurer. We coordinate communications and manage billing to minimize delays and protect your claim value.
Yes, Minnesota no-fault commonly pays a portion of lost wages up to policy limits. To support wage claims, we obtain employer letters, pay stubs, tax records, and medical documentation of work restrictions. If losses exceed no-fault limits, liability or UM/UIM coverage may address additional amounts, depending on fault and available policies. We help you track missed time, reduced hours, and job modifications that impact earnings. Clear records and consistent medical support are essential to present wage loss accurately. By coordinating coverage and documentation, we aim to keep income-related benefits moving while your overall claim progresses.
Useful evidence includes photos of the scene, vehicle damage, and injuries; ride receipts and app screenshots; witness contacts; and timely medical records. Police reports, dashcam or nearby security videos, and repair estimates also strengthen your claim. Keep a symptom journal to show how the injury affects your day-to-day life. In Lyft cases, confirming app status and trip data is especially important to identify coverage and policy limits. We send preservation requests when appropriate and collect the records insurers need to evaluate liability and damages. Strong, consistent evidence reduces delays and supports more meaningful settlement discussions.
No-fault benefits are primary for initial medical bills, but health insurance can still play a role once PIP limits are reached or for services outside PIP. Coordinating both prevents gaps in care and limits unexpected balances. Sharing claim numbers with providers helps route bills correctly from the start. We advise when to use health insurance, how to track deductibles and co-pays, and how subrogation may affect final settlement. Proper coordination protects your credit, reduces billing stress, and supports steady treatment while your claim moves forward.
Case value depends on many factors: the severity of injuries, length and type of treatment, wage loss, future care needs, and how the crash affected daily life. Liability disputes, comparative fault, and available insurance limits also influence outcomes. Early numbers are often rough estimates until medical recovery stabilizes. We focus on documentation to present a realistic picture supported by records and provider input. As treatment progresses, we refine damages, consider future needs, and prepare a demand that reflects the evidence. While no result can be guaranteed, a methodical approach helps position your Brooklyn Park Lyft claim for a fair resolution.
